Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces. Each province is divided into sub provinces (ilçeler; singular ilçe). The province usually bears the same name as the provincial capital, also called the central sub province; exceptions are Hatay (capital: Antakya), Kocaeli (capital: İzmit) and Sakarya (capital: Adapazarı). Major provinces include: İstanbul 11 million, Ankara 4 million, İzmir 3.5 million, Bursa 2.1 million, Konya Province 2.2 million, Adana Province 1.8 million.

Cities
The capital city of Turkey is Ankara, but the historic capital İstanbul remains the financial, economic and cultural center of the country. Other important cities include İzmir, Bursa, Adana, Trabzon, Malatya, Gaziantep, Erzurum, Kayseri, İzmit (Kocaeli), Konya, Mersin, Eskişehir, Diyarbakır, Antalya and Samsun. An estimated 68% of Turkey's population live in urban centers. In all, 12 cities have populations exceeding 500,000 and 48 cities have more than 100,000 people.

Major Cities
İstanbul - 10,041,000
Ankara - 4,319,000
İzmir - 2,409,000
Bursa - 1,195,000
Adana - 1,131,000
Gaziantep - 854,000
Konya - 743,000
Antalya - 603,000

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( Istanbul over the Bosphorus )

( Ankara from the Atakule Tower )